The kidney cancer also known as kidney cancer affects more than 28,000 people in the United States, representing 2.5 percent to 3 percent of all the malignant tumors, being more frequent in men between 50 and 70 years. The malignant tumor classic is the renal cell carcinoma to clear cell. In children the type more frequent is the Wilms’ tumor.

The kidney cancer can be cured if detected early, (small tumor and located) however the symptoms often, there is no evidence until the tumor reaches large dimensions or da metastases (tumor invasion to lymph vessels or blood which vehiculiza these cells to different locations).

The renal cell carcinoma to clear cell can affect any portion of the kidney, usually appears in the poles kidney, dominate the upper pole, tend to be unilateral and unique, rarely bilateral.

Are masses tumor 3cm to 15 cm in diameter, white yellowish, sometimes with areas necroticas hemorrhagic, which have a tendency to invade the renal vein, with an extension of further to inferior vena cava, or by metastasis to lungs more than 50 per cent, bones 33%, liver 18 per cent to 35 per cent, adrenal gland 19%, kidney contralateral 7.5%, soft parts 8% to 36 per cent, central nervous system 1 percent to 8 per cent, have been described metastases in almost all organs and sites of the body, sometimes in locations very rare, as eyes, vagina, parpado, nose, distal end of finger.

Factors of irrigation of renal cancer

Age: particularly affects over 50 years.

Sex: men have a little more than twice as likely (2.3%) of tumor development as women. Race: the risk of whites is 1.1 times greater than the black. Smoking: irrigation of smokers is 1.5 to 2.5 times higher, that non-smokers.

Obesity: a 20 percent of these cancers is associated with obesity and the diet rich in fat.

Industrial Operators: as the exposure of workers to leather (tannery and shoe factory) asbestos, cadmium, lead acetate (newspaper printing) organic solvents (oil) have been associated with the emergence of carcinomas in kidney cells.

Urbanization: kidney cancer is more common in urban residents (exposure to industrial operators).

Carcinoma Renal a Celulas Claras con Invasion Venosa hiliar y del tejido Adiposo Perirrenal

 

Pathology prior kidney

Kidney failure and chronic dialysis: are likely to develop renal cell carcinoma patients with more than 3 years of dialysis, which tends to be multi and bilateral. Nefropatia by phenacetin: has a higher incidence of renal cell carcinoma. Family History of renal cell carcinoma: the disease Von Hippel-Lindau is a genetic disorder, with a high incidence of kidney cancer (50%).

 

 

Clinical Presentation

Signs and symptoms:

• Hematuria (blood in urine) 60 per cent.
• Abdominal Pain or lumbar 40 per cent.
• Abdominal mass 45 per cent.
• Lost involuntary weight.
• Fatigue.
• Anemia.
• Recurrent Fever.
• High blood pressure (hypertension).
• Legs or ankles swollen.

Methods of diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma

Includes various types of tests and procedures:

• History.
• Physical examination.
• Analysis of complete laboratory and specific.
• Diagnosis by images: chest x-ray and centellograma bone, to detect metastasis.
• Plate simple abdomen.
• Pyelogram intravenous: consists of the intravenous injection of dye, which filters quickly to urine, achieving obtain to post an x-ray (image) of renal pelvis and ureters.